Learning Everest Team

In 2002, David Merrill proposed this framework that integrates five principles of learning. This framework is commonly known as Merrill’s First Principles of Instruction (MPI). These principles are inter-related and help the instructional designer to develop materials that enhance the learning process. In addition to Merrill’s First Principles of Instruction (MPI), there are other models of Instructional Design like the ADDIE model and Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction.

Developed by Robert Gagne, this model provides a sound framework that is widely used today and is commonly known as Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction. Gagne did significant research about the learning process during World War II and developed this model in 1965. In an article titled, ‘Educational Technology and the Learning Process’ (Educational Researcher, 1974), Gagne defined instruction as ‘the set of planned external events which influence the process of learning and thus promote learning.’ In addition to Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction, there are other models of Instructional Design like ADDIE model and Merrill’s First Principles of Instruction.

ADDIE model has been around in some form since World War II days. It was extensively researched and adapted in the years that followed. In 1975, it was developed at the Centre for Educational Technology at Florida State University by the U.S. Army. As the technology in warfare advanced, the soldiers needed to be trained to use the innovative machines. This model was later used in business and industrial training.

Instructional Design is an integral part of the e-learning world today. It is the development of learning experiences and materials based on systematic learning theories. These learning experiences help learners to gain new skills and knowledge. Furthermore, Instructional design also includes evaluation and activities that keep the learner engaged. Thus, it shifts the focus of learning from being passive to interactive and becomes an integral part of learning.